Nuclear fission, also known as radioactive decay or nuclear reaction, is a process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts called lighter nuclei. For several decades, it has been used as an alternative energy source to nonrenewable fossil fuels. There are currently 30 countries which operate nuclear plants, and among those who use nuclear fission as a primary source of electricity are Belgium, France, Hungary and Slovakia.
Despite its potential for providing great amount of energy though, many countries are hesitant to use it. Questions about its safety remained an issue and have been increased in discussions. Given that, let us take a look whether the advantages of nuclear fission outweigh the disadvantages.
List of Pros of Nuclear Fission
1. Zero Carbon Dioxide Emission
The nuclear fission technology was designed to produce electricity without releasing carbon dioxide into the air. In addition to that, it does not generate other forms of toxic substances into the atmosphere, such as smog.
2. Harmless Environmental Radiations
While it is true that nuclear power plants produce radiations, people can be assured that these cannot lead to any hazardous effect to the Mother Nature on a normal level.
3. Cost Effective and Renewable
This alternative source of energy does not deplete fossil fuels. In addition, the fuel it used is very affordable and is applied in very small amount, making it not only renewable but also affordable.
4. Unlimited
Unlike fossil fuels which can be depleted over time, nuclear fission is a reliable source of energy with the capacity of providing electricity is unlimited even in the middle of disasters.
5. Huge Energy Capacity
Nuclear fission is a developed technology ready for market with large power-generating capacity. It can readily meet a city’s industrial needs to support economic growth and development.
List of Cons of Nuclear Fission
1. High Construction Cost
While the application of this alternative energy source is affordable, building a nuclear power plant can take billions of dollars due to the complexity of the radiation containment systems and procedures. The safety measures utilized inside the plants can be also be costly.
2. Hazardous Wastes
The nuclear fission process produces wastes that are utilized in making bombs. These wastes put the safety of people and communities surrounding the plants at risk.
3. Harmful Nuclear Breakdown
When core damage occurs due to overheating, nuclear fuel elements can leach out, destroying part of the containment and potentially leading to radiation poisoning of people and animals nearby. One recent example in history is the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011 that resulted to the evacuation of over 300,000 people who live nearby the plant.
Conclusion
Looking only at its disadvantages, especially its safety issues, one would easily throw nuclear fission into the bin when it comes to proposing it as an alternative source of energy. However, nuclear power plant technologies are continuously being improved. Countries like the U.S., France, Germany and Japan have increased their efforts in developing radiation-resistant robots to be use in the event of nuclear accidents.